| Franca | |||
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| Skyline of Franca | |||
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| Nickname(s): Capital do calçado, Cidade das três colinas and "Capital do Basquete" ("Footwear capital", "Three hills city and" "Basketball capital") |
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| Motto: "Gentile Meae Paulistae Fidelis" (Latin) "Faithful to my herd of São Paulo" |
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| Location in São Paulo state. | |||
| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | Brazil | ||
| Region | Southeast | ||
| State | São Paulo | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Sidnei Franco da Rocha (PSDB) | ||
| Area | |||
| • City | 607.333 km2 (234.5 sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 3,439.78 km2 (1,328.1 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 1,040 m (3,412 ft) | ||
| Population (2008) | |||
| • City | 327,176 | ||
| • Density | 538.70/km2 (1,395.2/sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 471,383 | ||
| • Metro density | 137.03/km2 (354.9/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | UTC-3 (UTC-3) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-2 (UTC-2) | ||
| HDI (2006) | 0.820 – high | ||
| Website | [2] | ||
Franca is a large city in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, located at 20º32'19"S; 47º24'03'W at 1040 m altitude. Estimated population in 2008 was 327,176 inhabitants. Franca is the municipal seat of Franca municipality.
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The history of the region of Franca begins at the time of the Bandeirantes explorers. The bandeira or entrada of Anhangüera (the son) in 1722 established the “way of Goiás,” a trail from São Paulo to the gold mines in Goiás. Along this and other trails settlements were made, becoming the so-called "landings" or way-stations for the gold seekers. Franca was known at the time of the Bandeirantes as the “catfish landing.”
At the end of the 18th century, settlers had dispersed into the region in several of these landings. In 1779, around 1000 people lived in the area around Franca . To better organize the settlement, a Decree Company was created and the Portuguese Captain Manoel de Almeida was put in charge. At the beginning of the 19th century, the sons of Manoel de Almeida (Antonio Antunes de Almeida and Vicente Ferreira de Almeida) donated lands for the construction of a chapel, which in turn was blessed by the priest Joaquin Martins Rodrigues. With the decline of mining activity in Minas Gerais and Goiás, more settlers migrated to the "Belo Sertão do Rio Pardo" (beautiful valley of the Pardo River), under the sponsorship of the governador of São Paulo, Antônio José de Franca e Horta, after whom the city and municipality are named.
In 1816 the "village of Franca" was officially founded by King João VI. In 1821, Minas Gerais attempted to annex the region, but due to local resistance, the attempt failed. The city motto stems from this time. The city's name was changed to "Vila Franca do Imperador", but it was shortened afterwards to "Franca".
With the expansion of coffee plantations throughout northeastern São Paulo state, many immigrants, mainly Italian, arrived in Franca. From the knowledge and hard work of these immigrants, the city's first industry, shoe manufacturing, was developed in the 1920s.
Franca took part in the Constitutional Revolution of 1932, in which six of her citizens died for São Paulo.
The city is now distinguished as an important center for the Brazilian footwear industry, although coffee continues today as one of the main sources of the city's revenues.
Franca is located in the northeastern region of the state of São Paulo. It is the center of the state's 14th administrative region. The municipality of Franca borders Batatais, Cristais Paulista, and Patrocínio Paulista in São Paulo state, and Ibiraci and Claraval in Minas Gerais state. The climate of the city is subtropical highland (Cwb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with dry winters and wet summers, with rains from October to March. The temperatures are mild throughout the year. In hydrography, Franca is in the Canoas River basin, and this river provides the water supply of the city.
Franca has a considerably high terrain, with an altitude of about 1,040 m above sea level. Local soils are sandy, and the vegetation is dominated by grasslands. Forests are restricted to hilly slopes.
| Climate data for Franca, SP | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 23.3 (73.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
20.8 (69.4) |
20.7 (69.3) |
23.9 (75.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
25.1 (77.2) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 17.6 (63.7) |
17.0 (62.6) |
16.7 (62.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
14.1 (57.4) |
12.8 (55.0) |
12.4 (54.3) |
13.8 (56.8) |
15.3 (59.5) |
15.9 (60.6) |
16.8 (62.2) |
17.3 (63.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 297.1 (11.697) |
227.7 (8.965) |
180.4 (7.102) |
79.5 (3.13) |
57.4 (2.26) |
26.7 (1.051) |
21.9 (0.862) |
23.4 (0.921) |
71.7 (2.823) |
160.6 (6.323) |
201.2 (7.921) |
275.8 (10.858) |
1,623.4 (63.913) |
| Source: [1] | |||||||||||||
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(Source: IPEA DATA)
Mayor Sidnei Rocha (of the PSDB party) was elected in October 2004 and took office on January 1, 2005. His term is four years, and he is in office for the second time. The City Council is composed of 15 aldermen.